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France–United Kingdom relations
France–United Kingdom relations are the relations between the governments of the French Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). The historical ties between the two countries are long and complex, including conquest, wars, and alliances at various points in history. The Roman era saw both areas conquered by Rome, whose fortifications exist in both countries to this day, and whose writing system introduced a common alphabet to both areas; however, the language barrier remained. The Norman Conquest in 1066 decisively shaped English history, as well as the English language. In the medieval period, the countries were often bitter enemies, with both nations' monarchs claiming control over France. The Hundred Years' War stretched from 1337 to 1453. Britain and France fought a series of five major wars, culminating in the Coalition victory over Napoleon in 1815. After that there were some tensions, but peace generally prevailed and as the 19th century progressed, the relationship became better. Closer ties between the two began with the 1904 Entente cordiale, particularly via the alliances in World War I and World War II, wherein both countries fought against Germany, and in the latter conflict British armies helped to liberate occupied France from the Nazis. Both nations opposed the Soviet Union during the Cold War and were founding members of NATO. In recent years the two countries have experienced a quite close relationship, especially on defence and foreign policy issues; the two countries tend however to disagree on a range of other matters, most notably the European Union.〔(Britain and France: the impossible, indispensable relationship ), ''The Economist'', Dec 1st 2011〕 The British press relishes the chance to refer to France and Britain as "historic rivals"〔(Economies of Britain and France have more similarities than differences ), ''The Guardian'', 5 January 2014〕 or emphasize the perceived ever-lasting competition that still opposes the two countries.〔"The two countries are forever comparing one against the other.()", (Britain-France ties: How cordial is the entente? ), BBC News, 30 January 2014〕
French author Jose-Alain Fralon characterised the relationship between the countries by describing the British as "our most dear enemies". Today, both France and the United Kingdom are member states of the European Union (EU), and it is estimated that about 350,000 French people live in the UK, with approximately 400,000 Britons living in France.〔 (Royaume-Uni ) – France Diplomacie〕
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